
The Federal Housing Administration
(FHA) is an Agency of the U.S. government which insures mortgage
loans made by Mortgage Bankers. The FHA serves the mortgage lending
community much the same way Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) companies
do on conventional (non-government) loans. The FHA will insure
loans made to U.S. citizens, permanent resident aliens, and non-permanent
resident aliens who are legally able to work in the United States.
The FHA has several different programs. The most common are the
15 and 30 year fixed rate and the 1 year ARM. The buy and fix-it
program known as the 203K has become increasingly popular and
much more widely available since former Secretary of the Department
of HUD Jack Kemp "rediscovered" its value to America
during his tenure.
There are no income limits imposed by the FHA unlike some First
Time Home Buyer programs. The only limit on FHA loans are the
maximum mortgage amounts. The mortgage amount for Bergen/Passaic County
New Jersey are as follows:
- 1 family - $233,605
- 2 family - $263,113
- 3 family - $319,670
- 4 family - $379,842
For Hudson County:
- 1 family - $172,425
- 2 family - $205,912
- 3 family - $248,887
- 4 family - $309,337
The FHA requires at least one
purchaser to occupy the property. Non-occupying co-borrowers are
very common with FHA loans. The non-occupying co-borrower must
be a blood relative or be able to establish a family relationship
to the occupying purchaser. FHA borrowers whose past or current
credit is not so good are encouraged to go to an FHA approved
credit counselor for credit counseling. This credit counseling
will greatly improve a marginal borrowers chances of getting approved.
There is no charge for the counseling.
The FHA standard qualifying ratios are 29 and
41 percent of gross monthly income. Ratios can be exceeded, and
frequently are, when the borrower can demonstrate compensating
factors. An experienced mortgage consultant can advise a borrower
what constitutes compensating factors. Borrowers are not allowed
to borrow the money used for the down payment or closing costs.
However, a notable exception to this is money in a 401K plan.
In addition the payments made on a 401K loan are not calculated
into the qualifying ratios.
As mentioned before, the FHA is an insurance agency. There is
a Mortgage Insurance Premium (MIP) that is paid upfront at the
time of closing and it is usually financed. The amount is 2.25
percent of the loan amount on a 30 year mortgage. If the loan
is paid off early the borrower is entitled to a partial refund
of .5 percent of the loan amount.
Special rules apply for three and four family properties. First,
cash reserves of at least two months of the proposed mortgage
payments are required on all three and four family properties.
In addition, the mortgage payment must not exceed 90 percent of
the rental income, as estimated by the appraiser, on the purchased
property. Also, all three and four properties must be registered
with the New Jersey Department of Consumer Affairs.
The FHA allows cash-out refinancing up to 85 percent of the appraised
value and no cash-out refinancing up to 97 percent of the appraised
value.
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